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Algebra Symbols
Explore our complete math symbols list and interactive keyboard to lookup meanings, LaTeX codes, and UTF-8 characters for algebra symbols. Symbols for variables, functions, roots, summations, products, logarithms, matrices, and absolute values.
Algebra Symbols Reference Table
| Action | Symbol | Name | Meaning | Example | LaTeX | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∑ | Summation (Sigma) | Iterative summation of a sequence of terms indexed over a specified range. | ∑_{i=1}^4 i = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 | \sum_{i=1}^n | U+2211 | |
| ∏ | Product Operator (Capital Pi) | Iterative multiplication of a sequence of factors over a specified range. | ∏_{i=1}^4 i = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 | \prod_{i=1}^n | U+220F | |
| ∝ | Proportional To | Indicates that two quantities vary in constant ratio. | y ∝ x ⟹ y = kx | \propto | U+221D | |
| f(x) | Function Notation | Represents an output value dependent on the input variable x. | f(x) = 2x + 1 ⟹ f(3) = 7 | f(x) | U+0066 | |
| f⁻¹ | Inverse Function | Reverses the mapping performed by the function f. | f(x) = x + 3 ⟹ f⁻¹(x) = x − 3 | f^{-1}(x) | U+0066 U+207B U+00B9 | |
| ∘ | Function Composition | Applies one function to the results of another function. | (f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) | \circ | U+2218 | |
| ⌊x⌋ | Floor Function | Greatest integer less than or equal to x. | ⌊3.7⌋ = 3, ⌊−2.1⌋ = −3 | \lfloor x \rfloor | U+230A U+230B | |
| ⌈x⌉ | Ceiling Function | Smallest integer greater than or equal to x. | ⌈3.2⌉ = 4, ⌈−2.9⌉ = −2 | \lceil x \rceil | U+2308 U+2309 | |
| det(A) | Determinant | A scalar value computed from the elements of a square matrix. | det([[a,b],[c,d]]) = ad − bc | \det(A) \text{ or } |A| | U+0064 | |
| ‖x‖ | Vector Norm / Double Bar | Length or magnitude of a vector in a normed vector space. | ‖v‖ = √(v₁² + v₂² + v₃²) | \|x\| | U+2016 | |
| ⌈ | Left Ceiling | Rounds a real number up to the nearest integer. | ⌈3.2⌉ = 4 | \lceil | U+2308 | |
| ⌉ | Right Ceiling | Closing delimiter for the ceiling rounding function. | ⌈7.01⌉ = 8 | \rceil | U+2309 | |
| ⌊ | Left Floor | Rounds a real number down to the nearest integer. | ⌊3.9⌉ = 3 | \lfloor | U+230A | |
| ⌋ | Right Floor | Closing delimiter for the floor rounding function. | ⌊-1.2⌋ = -2 | \rfloor | U+230B | |
| ⊕ | Circled Plus / Direct Sum | Direct sum of modules/vector spaces or exclusive OR (XOR) logic. | V = U ⊕ W | \oplus | U+2295 | |
| ⊗ | Circled Times / Tensor Product | Tensor product of vector spaces, modules, or state vectors. | V ⊗ W | \otimes | U+2297 | |
| ⊙ | Circled Dot Operator | Hadamard entrywise matrix product or solar mass constant. | A ⊙ B | \odot | U+2299 |